• The year in weird: 2010's strangest health stories

    Oh, the odd things we learned this year: Hannah Montana can give people seizures, Facebook can trigger asthma attacks and something you're probably doing right now -- sitting! -- is slowly killing you. Here, we remind you of all the things that made us say lol wut in 2010.

    'Sleeping beauty' girl
    Most of us are feeling pretty sleep-deprived this time of year -- but Louisa Ball never has that problem. The 15-year-old British girl has a rare condition called Kleine-Levin Syndrome, which causes her to sleep for days on end -- she once slept for nearly two weeks straight. And because she's as pretty as a Disney Princess, we all know her now as the "sleeping beauty girl." Sleep tight, Louisa.

    When Facebook takes your breath away
    An embarrassing amount of my sleep deprivation is directly linked to playing on Facebook late at night. But who knew Mark Zuckerberg's time-sucking creation could be linked to asthma, too? A case study last month reported on an Italian teenager who had an attack every time he looks at his ex-girlfriend's profile. It's complicated, indeed.

    Stuck in 1994
    In Michelle Philpots' world, Facebook doesn't exist, and Zuckerberg is only 10. For Philpots, it's still 1994. An extreme case of retrograde amnesia due to two car crashes wipes her memory clean every morning. When she wakes up, her husband must convince her that, yes, they're married and, no, grunge is no longer in style. 

    The worms crawl in, the worms crawl out ...
    If only retrograde amnesia could scrub out the terrible images you've seen on the Internet, but, as they say, some things cannot be unseen. A 25-year-old California man lived your worst fear, a fear you probably didn't even know you needed to have: A worm crawled its way into his eye. This was reported back in June -- and then, incredibly, almost the same thing happened to an Iowa man in September. And then there was that report earlier this month about swallowing worms to ease ulcerative colitis and, just, ew. Here's to fewer worm news stories in 2011.

    And we can't forget the poor Swedish Weight Watchers group whose combined heft caused the floor to cave in, the 82-year-old Yogi who says he hasn't eaten for 70 years, the German teenagers who guzzled down chili sauce and ended up in the emergency room and the story of Kiko, the terrier who gnawed off his owner's big toe and may have saved his life in the process.

    Did we miss something? Did you have a favorite? Pipe up! 

    And, as always, you can find us on Twitter and on Facebook

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  • Planning a 'polar bear plunge'? How your body reacts

    Members of the Maryland State Police take a dip in the icy Chesapeake Bay on Jan. 30, 2010 to raise money for the Special Olympics.

    While the rest of us are bleary-eyed and horizontal on New Year’s Day, 56-year-old Tom “Iceman” McGann of Brooklyn, N.Y., plans to charge into the frigid Atlantic Ocean wearing nothing but a bathing suit. 

    McGann and hundreds of other (totally insane) people will gather at the boardwalk on Stillwell Avenue in Brooklyn, N.Y., for the annual Coney Island Polar Bear Plunge. It’s one of many similar dips taking place on New Year’s Day and throughout the winter. Most raise money for charity, and most usually draw plenty of “are they crazy?” media coverage. 

    Immersing your scantily-clad body in ice-cold water may give you serious bragging rights. But does it pose any risks -- or offer any benefits -- for your health? The Finns (and Norwegians, and Russians) sure think so. All over Northern Europe, folks like to finish off a stint in the sauna with a plunge in any icy lake, touting the benefits the cold water has on the immune system, the complexion --even the libido. 

    Dr. Alan Steinman, one of the country’s foremost experts on hypothermia and cold-water survival, is dubious about those claims. “I don’t know of any definitive medical studies that have been done to measure the health benefits of cold-water swimming,” he says.

    What’s more, plunging into cold water has some real risks, says Steinman, who served as the Coast Guard’s director of health and safety from 1993 to 1997. When the body is suddenly immersed in icy water, there’s a sudden gasp, an inhalation, rapid breathing and the inability to hold your breath, “which can be a problem if your head’s underwater,” he says. For that reason, it’s better to “plunge” gradually, from shallow water, and not off a dock or a boardwalk. 

    Physiologically, he explains, your body responds to a cold plunge in three ways: First, the small blood vessels constrict on the surface of your body as a defense mechanism, so you don’t lose heat. That means that a whole lot more blood is being squeezed into the same amount of blood vessels, which “serves to increase the effect on blood pressure,” he says. 

    Next, blood rushes from extremities to the core, chilling the limbs and leading to weakness and impaired motor coordination. That's why people rescued from accidental plunges into icy water have trouble grabbing life rings or ropes from rescuers.

    Finally, true hypothermia sets in, typically after more than 30 minutes of immersion. That's when core body temperature plunges below normal. If it falls far enough, hearbeat may be disrupted and breathing may fail, causing death.

    The early stage of the process, cold shock response, happens to everyone -- even “Iceman” McGann, who admits, “you never get used to it.” But the danger comes if you have heart disease, and are prone to irregular heartbeat or cardiac arrest. “The potential medical problems are relatively infrequent, but it’s possible,” says Steinman. 

    In the 14 years since its inception, the Maryland State Police Polar Bear Plungefest hasn’t had a single medical incident -- which is pretty astounding when you consider that the event drew 12,000 participants last year.

     “We have a very solid safety plan in place,” says event spokesperson Kelley Schniedwind, who adds that they’ve partnered with the world-class Johns Hopkins emergency medical team for support at the event. Participants  are also not allowed to stay in the water longer than five minutes, which is enforced by the 75-some-odd divers that patrol the waters at Sandy Point State Park, in Annapolis.

    The event raises money for the Special Olympics, so there’s definitely a feel-good aspect about feeling the 35-degree chill of the Chesapeake. The Coney Island Polar Bear Plunge, which McGann will tackle for the 20th time on Saturday, asks participants to donate to Camp Sunshine, a retreat for children with life-threatening illnesses.

    But “Iceman” McGann doesn’t just dip for charity -- he dips throughout the winter, as his nickname might suggest. “It’s exhilarating, it’s refreshing, it’s a rebirth. I just like doing it. I like being outside,” he explains. “It’s fun to do alone, but it’s more fun to do with other people. You can yell and scream, and where else can you yell and scream in today’s world?”

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  • Sister from another mister: Twins born to different dads

    Whoa: A woman in northern Poland gave birth to twins -- a boy and a girl -- who were fathered by two different men: her husband and the man she was having an affair with. It's rare, but it can happen when a woman produces two eggs and has sex with more than one partner while she's ovulating.

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  • 'Asian flush' red flag for risk of cancer

    Pjbrooks / PLoSmedicine.org

    A condition called 'Asian flush' happens to certain people of Asian descent after they have consumed alcohol. The red blush, shown on right, is the result of a deficient gene.

    Between the brisk cold and the holiday cheer, many of us get a little red in the face this time of year. But for some people of Asian descent, a New Year’s toast – or even a few beers after work – will trigger a bright red blush known as the “Asian flush,” which can also increase their risk of deadly esophageal cancer.

    “When I drink, the skin in my face and even all the way down to my waist will start to turn red,” says Patrick McMahon, a 30-year-old education director from Seattle, who’s half-Japanese. “I think the blood vessels dilate and I get very flushed. It’s often mistaken for a sunburn.”

    That response is typical for about a third of people from East Asian descent, says Philip J. Brooks, an investigator with the Division of Metabolism and Health Affects at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

    “It happens predominantly in individuals of Japanese, Chinese or Korean descent,” he says. “People who have this will get a facial flush and a headache and will feel nauseous at the time they’re drinking. And it’s not just flushing. They’ll also get an increased heart rate. It’s a pretty unpleasant experience.”

    What causes this reaction?

    Brooks says it’s basically a genetic inability to properly metabolize alcohol (or ethanol) which, thanks to enzymes in the liver, is normally metabolized first into the toxic chemical acetaldehyde – an animal carcinogen that causes DNA damage and other cancer-promoting effects -- and then into the harmless substance acetate. People with the flushing response have a genetic deficiency in the alcohol-metabolizing enzyme ALDH2, which can lead to an accumulation of the toxic substance acetaldehyde.

    “Individuals with this particular genetic disposition can’t metabolize it to the acetate,” says Brooks. “So it builds up in their body and causes the vasodilation which causes the flushing response.”

    In some people – those with two copies of the deficient gene -- the symptoms are so severe they can’t tolerate alcohol at all. Those with only one copy of the gene often learn to live with the heart palpitations and the flushing, though.

    And that’s where things get risky.

    “People with this ALHD2 deficiency have a really high risk of getting esophageal cancer when they drink alcohol,” says Brooks, who wrote about the link between the Asian flush and esophageal cancer in a 2009 paper in PLoS Medicine, a journal published by the Public Library of Science.  “Anyone who drinks is at risk, but the more you drink, the more your risk goes up. And when you’re ADLH2-deficient, your risk goes up much more dramatically.”

    According to studies, a person with a single copy of the deficient gene who drinks just two beers a day is up to 10 times more likely to develop esophageal cancer than a person who’s able to metabolize the alcohol properly.

    Unfortunately, while many people of Asian descent are familiar with the flush, Brooks says too few realize it’s not just an inconvenience, but a red flag for one of the deadliest cancers worldwide.

    “It’s not just an issue that affects appearance, but an indication that they’re at increased risk of esophageal cancer if they drink heavily,” says Brooks. ”You have to think about the production of acetaldehyde throughout the body.  We want people to discuss this with their doctor and be sure their doctor is aware of the data that’s out there.”

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  • Thirty-somethings best at placing a new face

    Cari Nierenberg writes: Getting older -- or at least getting past your 20s -- means getting better at recognizing faces. 

    People in their early 30s topped all other age groups at remembering an unfamiliar mug, suggests a new study in the journal Cognition.  

    In findings that even surprised researchers, the ability to learn faces seems to reach its peak between age 30 and 34 rather than in the early 20s, when the brain reaches full maturity and other mental talents, such as recalling names and solving problems, appear to hit their heyday. 

    "Face recognition takes a long time to get really good at," explained Laura Germine, a graduate student in psychology at Harvard University who led the study team. "It takes a lot of years and experience to fine tune it." 

    In the first of three experiments, nearly 45,000 people ages 10 to 70 went online and took a 15-minute facial recognition test. Participants were first asked to learn six computer-generated facial images (all young, white males), and then they had to identify the face from different angles or in different lighting. 

    Men and women slightly beyond the big three-oh outperformed everyone by correctly identifying faces about 83 percent of the time. 

    "We don't know why face recognition peaks at this age but my hunch is it's about visual experience, which makes the specialized machinery in the brain get better at it," Germine said.

    In two other tests, folks in their early 30s were better at recalling the faces of adults and children, but people a decade younger were superior at linking names with faces and picking out faces when images were turned upside down. 

    Story: Unable to recognize voices, unless it's Sean Connery

    A flair for faces comes in handy: You'll be charming at cocktail parties and good at fingering a perp in a police lineup. 

    One limitation of the study is that test takers were not asked for their ethnicity. So it's possible that more Caucasians in their early 30s participated in the research, and they might be better at placing faces of the same race, said Germine. 

    Challenge your brain to the same test used for this research at http://www.testmybrain.org/. Scroll down just a bit, and click on "Face Recognition, Emotion Perception, and Personality." How'd you do?

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  • Brr! Disorder makes some super sensitive to cold

    For Ronni Shulman, a stroll down one of the refrigerated aisles in the grocery store is enough to freeze her fingers, turning them blue and numb. "They turn a purplish blue color, almost like they're stained from carbon paper," explains Shulman, who's 57 and lives in Bedford, N.Y. -- until the winter months, when she flees to North Venice, Fla. "Usually, my thumb, index and middle fingers on both hands are affected more than the others."

    Shulman suffers from Raynaud's phenomenon, a painful, annoying and sometimes embarrassing disorder of the blood vessels that affects an estimated 5 percent of Americans, according to the National Institutes of Health. People with Raynaud's are unusually sensitive to cold temperatures, and even the briefest exposure (like holding a cold can of soda, or fishing something out of the freezer) can trigger a Raynaud's "attack," causing fingers or toes to feel numb as they turn a patriotic shade of either red, white or blue.

    "Essentially, it's due to vasospasm, or hyperactivity of the blood vessels," explains Dr. Evan Lipsitz, chief of vascular surgery at Montefiore Medical Center in New York, "and it is a normal response of the body in trying to stay warm to constrict those vessels, but this is kind of a hyper-response to that."

    In other words, when people with Raynaud's are cold, they're really cold. As Lipsitz explains, when you feel cold, your blood vessels constrict, which reduces blood flow and cuts down on heat leaving your body. But in people with Raynaud's, the blood vessels overreact, shrinking so much that very little blood is able to flow to the fingers or toes, which is what makes them feel numb and change color. (It's rare, but Raynaud's can affect ears, lips, noses -- and even nipples.)

    About 80 percent of Raynaud's sufferers are women -- perhaps because women are more likely to suffer from autoimmune disorders, Lipsitz says. Sometimes, Raynaud's is caused by an autoimmune disorder, such as scleroderma, or by a medication, but in most people, Raynaud's has no known cause, and isn't an indicator of something more serious. The key is simply to keep warm -- even when that means looking a bit silly, as Shulman has learned.

    "People make comments when they see me wearing gloves in what they consider to be relatively warm weather. I used to wear gloves during my children's soccer games and people would ask, 'What's with the gloves? It's April!'" says Shulman, who is the vice chairman for the Raynaud's Association. "I also used to wear gloves in my office and people would say, 'Um, are you cold?' Yes, I was."

    TODAY covered Raynaud's this morning, speaking with two experts about the condition. Check out the video below.

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  • 'Rubber Man Syndrome' turns man into real-life Gumby

    Courtesy of Todd Schaeffer

    Todd Schaeffer, 27, can bend his fingers completely backward and fold his ears forward due to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue.

     

    Stacy Lipson writes: Todd Shaeffer of Philadelphia can bend his fingers completely backward, fold his ears forward so they stay that way and perform other cringe-worthy feats that would be impossible for most of us.

    “I see it as a blessing,” says Shaeffer, 27. “I used to think I was a superhero.”

    As a kid, Shaeffer impressed his friends with stunts like spinning his head around 180 degrees to look over his back and wrapping his arms around his entire waist and touching his fingers together.

    While it sounds like something out of a circus show, Shaeffer suffers from Type 1 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a genetic disorder also called Rubber Man Syndrome that affects the connective tissue. According to the journal Manual & Manipulative Therapy, the first case of the disorder was recorded in 1657, but wasn’t diagnosed until the early 1900s.

    There are six different types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, ranging from mild to life-threatening. In the most severe cases, patients can experience heart and kidney problems.

    There’s no cure for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and diagnosing the disorder can be difficult for doctors and patients. Type 1 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, one of the most common forms, occurs in fewer than 1 in 20,000 people and is characterized by traits such as joint hypermobility, soft skin and easy bruising.             

    Dr. Reed E. Pyeritz, chief of medical genetics at the University of Pennsylvania, said possible symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome include skin abnormalities or very stretchy skin.  

    “The range of joint mobility and patient discomfort can be an indicator," he said. Joint pain, without any redness or swelling, could be a sign of Ehlers-Danlos, Pyeritz said.

    One of the biggest concerns for patients with Type 1 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is degenerative arthritis, which can worsen as patients age. Shaeffer’s biggest worry about his diagnosis is how it will affect him in the future.

    “I have to keep an eye on it,” says Shaeffer. “I try not to put too much stress on my joints.”

    But that doesn’t stop him from performing for his friends and family.  “It’s given me the ability to entertain,” he says.  

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  • Not without my blow-dryer: Reality show uncovers strange addictions

    TLC

    Lori Broady, right, who says she is addicted to sleeping with her blow dryer, stands with her sister, Tawni Abplanalp.

    Joan Raymond writes: Most of us use our hair dryers to, well, dry our hair. But Lori Broady, 31, turns the dryer on, sticks it in her bed, and falls asleep to the soothing sound of hot air. She’s been doing this every night since she was 8 years old, despite knowing she may burn herself or start a fire. This, of course, raises the question: Why doesn’t she just buy a fan if she needs a little noise to fall asleep? Turns out, it's not that simple.

    Broady appears on the new TLC 12-part series, "My Strange Addiction," which premieres Dec. 29 at 9 p.m. Also featured are folks with other extreme behaviors like thumb sucking, toilet paper eating, "tanorexia" and even a guy in a relationship with a silicone doll.

    What’s clear is that it’s not easy being human. And unlike some creatures that simply run in circles to self-soothe (if you’ve ever owned a Jack Russell Terrier, you know what I mean) humans can be very creative in our attempts to control our lives and relieve stress. “Nothing (people do) surprises me,” says psychologist Jason Elias, Ph.D., director of psychological services and clinical research at McLean Hospital’s OCD Institute. 

    You don’t need to be a Freudian scholar to know that some of these seemingly odd behaviors have a lot do with early childhood experiences and other factors that may make a person associate a behavior or object as pleasurable. But no matter what your addiction -- heroin, cheeseburgers or silicone dolls -- “the biology is the same,” with the brain releasing a little squirt of dopamine in anticipation of the reward, explains psychoanalyst Mike Dow, co-host of TLC’s "Freaky Eaters." The more a person begins to associate pleasure with a specific behavior, the more they want. Self-soothing is a problem -- and can even be considered an addiction -- when it’s self-injurious, affects relationships and interferes with a person’s ability to function. 

    It’s important to remember that self-soothing strategies, of the non-extreme variety, are actually pretty common. So the next time you’re in a meeting, look around and see if your colleagues are twirling their hair, clicking a pen, or rubbing a pant leg (hopefully their own). All of these behaviors are self-soothing, says Elias, “but we consider them more acceptable than sucking on a thumb.”  Or, for that matter, taking a silicone doll out to dinner. 

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  • Wasted and warm? Booze a boneheaded cure for chills

    Booze makes you feel all warm and fuzzy, sure. But does it actually ward off the cold weather?

    That’s what Thomas Drummond, of Jackson, Mo., thought when he crashed his car into a ditch in the wee hours of the morning. He was stuck, it was freezing outside, and he just happened to have some brandy in the car.

    By the time emergency workers reached him two hours later, he was “unresponsive,” but Drummond maintained he’d gotten smashed after the accident, not before.

    A 12-person jury bought it, and found Drummond not guilty of driving while intoxicated, according to the Southeast Missourian. But is there any biological basis to the first-aid folk tale that tipple keeps you toasty?

    Yes and no, says Dr. Sam Zakhari of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. When we drink alcohol, our blood vessels widen, causing increased blood flow, and bringing more heat to the skin. “If you’re sitting at home in a sweater and having dinner, the heat in the skin is kept in the skin, which is fine,” he says.

    But if you’re outside in the cold and you drink, the heat on your skin dissipates into the atmosphere. “You’ll lose heat, and feel a lot colder,” says Zakhari. Unless, he adds, you’re dressed very warmly, or doing something physical, like skiing. (Good news for those of us who like to carry a wee flask of Schnapps on the slopes.)

    What saved Drummond from hypothermia – or worse – was staying in his car, with the transmission in park and the motor running until help arrived. And while alcohol may have helped him feel warmer, it was a boneheaded move, says Zakhari. What if his rescuers were calling to him, and he was too drunk to respond?

    “Drinking wouldn’t be my first choice,” he says. “Unless you’re giving up.”

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  • Real revenge of the nerds? Better health

    High school nerds may not get the chicks, but they get better health as adults, says a new study from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

     The findings are based on a study that followed 10,000 graduates from Wisconsin’s high school class of 1957. Researchers have gone back and asked the graduates various questions over the years, and for this report, participants were queried on their health.

    UW Sociology professor Pamela Herd found that the better a study participant did in high school, the less likely he or she was to experience poor health as they reached retirement age.

    Herd’s not exactly sure why straight A’s in high school would lead to healthier golden years. Initially she thought it was because smarty-pants students were conscientious, and applied that characteristic to health choices. But the data don’t support that finding.

    “What we’re seeing is that what you learn in school may actually matter for your health,” since the health of the participants is directly tied to the grades they received in high school, says Herd.

    (Whew. Glad I paid attention in freshman biology.)

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  • Want to look hotter? Hit the sack

    BMJ.com

    Photos reveal how different someone looks after a good night's sleep (left) compared to staying up for 31-hours straight.

    Everyone knows that getting too little sleep makes you feel terrible, but new research suggests that cutting back on Zzzs actually makes you look noticeably worse as well.

    Turns out, there’s a reason they call it beauty sleep.

    That’s the bottom line of a Swedish study that finds that people are perceived as less attractive -- as well as less healthy and more tired -- when they’re sleep-deprived than when they’re well-rested.

    And it should be a wake-up call to the 1 in 5 Americans who routinely get less than six hours of sleep a night, said John Axelsson, the researcher who led the study conducted at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm.

    “A good night’s sleep does not only improve your physiological health, it will also make you look healthier and more attractive, which in turn improves the chance of better treatments in a wide range of social situations,” said Axelsson, an associate professor in the clinical neuroscience department. His work was published online this week in the British Medical Journal.

    Axelsson and his colleagues in Sweden and the Netherlands decided to test the notion that lack of sleep affects your looks -- in addition to your brain function, immune system, reaction time and vulnerability to a host of ills, including heart disease, diabetes and obesity.

    So they recruited 23 healthy adults and took photos of them after a good night’s sleep and after they were forced to stay up for 31 hours straight. Then they asked 65 ordinary people to rate each photo according to how attractive, healthy and tired the subjects looked.

    The results? The same people were perceived as 4 percent less attractive, 6 percent less healthy and 19 percent more tired when they were sleep deprived than when they were rested.

    That’s not surprising to Dr. David E. Anderson of the Rocky Mountain Sleep Disorders Center in Great Falls, Mont. The physical effects of too little sleep can’t help but show up in your face, he said. It may not last after only a few missed snoozes, but long-term sleep deprivation can affect health -- and looks -- profoundly.

    For everyone who believes that sleep deprivation doesn’t show, the new research proves otherwise, Axelsson said.

    “We propose that sleep is a cheap and effective beauty treatment, both acutely and in the long-term,” he said. “Sleep should be seen as the body’s natural beauty treatment and a clear alternative or complement to other beauty treatments.”

    How many hours of shut-eye do you get a night? Tell us about it in the comments.

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  • Sorry, a boozy footbath won't get you drunk

    There are a lot of ways to get drunk (especially this time of year), but according to new research published in the British Medical Journal, soaking your feet in booze is not one of them.

    Still, foot drinking (sole sipping?) is a popular urban myth widely circulated in Denmark -- and elsewhere (search “drunk,” “soaking your feet” and “alcohol” and you'll get more than 17,000 hits). So much so that Danish researchers decided it was high time to put an end to it with a little scientific investigation.

    They chose two men and a woman in their 30s -- all of whom were healthy with no history of alcoholism or liver disease -- and asked them to abstain from alcohol for 24 hours (and loofah their feet). On the day of the experiment, they performed blood alcohol tests on all three subjects, then had the trio submerge their feet in a washbowl containing three 700 mL bottles of Karloff vodka, each carrying an alcohol content of 37.5% by volume.

    And there they sat for three hours, or as the researchers put it, “a time frame corresponding to a medium-length visit to the local pub.”

    Every half hour, researchers tested the volunteers’ blood for any change in the alcohol level. They also asked them to self-assess for any intoxication-related symptoms by scoring on a scale of zero to 10 their self-confidence, their urge to speak and their desire for “spontaneous hugs.” (They refrained from testing a desire to grab the person next to them and blubber “I love you, man.”)

    Not surprisingly, results showed that “transcutaneous intake of alcohol through feet is not possible … we conclude that the Danish urban myth about being able to get drunk by submerging feet in strong alcoholic beverage is just that – a myth.”

    Interestingly, foot drinking isn’t the only weird myth out there involving alcohol.

    Students in Europe and the U.S. have also embraced “vodka eyeballing,” i.e., pouring shots of vodka directly into their eyeballs as a way to get drunk quickly without booze breath or stomach upset. Others are supposedly inserting tampons soaked with vodka into their vagina -- or elsewhere (and here we thought that was just a "30 Rock" punchline).

    While no studies have been performed as to whether eyeball shots actually get you drunk faster, ophthalmologists warn the practice can result in burning, swollen, red eyes and possible damage to the optic nerve, which can result in permanent vision problems. As for soaking a tampon in 40-proof alcohol and inserting it into the most sensitive part of your body, we imagine if people are doing this, they’re only doing it once.

    Ouch!

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  • UGG boots: 'Shearling' agony for feet?

    Soeren Stache / EPA file

    UGG boots may be a health risk as well as a fashion hazard.

    Cari Nierenberg writes: Some women are paying a price for sporting UGG boots beyond their $140 price tag.

    When worn regularly, the uber-popular, sheepskin-lined boots may make feet miserable.

    UGGs can be ugly to your feet and ankles, causing pain and throwing your walk out of whack so problems extend to the knees, hips and back. The plush lining also can create an ideal breeding ground for foot fungus.
     
    The bulky, hobbit-looking boots are so comfy-cozy that fans rarely take them off, but they weren't actually made for long-distance walking.

    "UGGs have little to no arch support," explained Krista Archer, a podiatrist and foot and ankle surgeon in Manhattan.

    Karina Morris found this out the hard way.
     
    The easy to slip on and off footwear seemed like a perfect fit for the busy 27-year-old mother when running around after two young boys. And UGGs kept her toes toasty, to boot, on wintry mornings while waiting for her son's school bus.
     
    "They felt like slippers walking around on the outside pavement," said Morris.
     
    But after wearing the trendy footwear from dawn to dusk for about a month, the Huntington, N.Y., native noticed that the arches of her feet and her heels were killing her. 
     
    "I had to stop wearing them," admitted Morris, who owns two pairs of the boots and even UGG clogs.

     Still, when she sought the help of Archer, the podiatrist, Morris was surprised to hear she had developed posterior tibeal tendinitis and that her UGGs and flat feet were to blame.

    When flat-footed people slog around in a loose-fitting boot like UGGs, their ankles roll inward and their arches and tendons collapse outward with every step. (You can actually see the lopsided wear on one side of the rubber soles.)
     
    Archer is especially  worried about the boot's roominess in the ankles and heels now that the boots are popular with both tweens and toddlers. (Baby versions of the boot run $90.)

    "Kids seem to shuffle around in them," she pointed out. They make that irritating foot-dragging sound called the "UGG shuffle" by the Urban Dictionary.

    Skin infections like athlete’s foot and dermatitis also can be a problem with UGGs, Archer adds, since bare feet can really sweat in the fur. She urges devotees to wear socks and spray the liner with an anti-fungal spray once a month. 

    After being fitted with custom padding to support her arches, Morris is back in her UGGs -- pain free. (If you try drugstore arch supports, Archer suggests placing them underneath the boot's sheepskin inserts.)

    Although UGGs bring patients to her practice, Archer owns three pairs of the boots herself (but adds arch supports to them) and two pair of slippers.

    With New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady signed on to become the brand's new spokesperson, only time will tell whether more guys will wear UGGs and if they'll be hurting their feet. 

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  • Rich people have no idea what you're thinking

     

    Wondering why your fat cat boss seems so clueless about why you don’t want to work extra shifts during the holidays? It could be because he can’t understand the dour looks you keep throwing his way.

    Upper-class people are less adept at reading other people's emotions than their lower-class counterparts, according to a new study published in the journal Psychological Science.

    Frank Franklin Ii / AP file

    Donald Trump and other upper-class types don't know -- or care -- what you're feeling.

    “We found that people from a lower-class background – in terms of occupation, status, education and income level – performed better in terms of emotional intelligence, the ability to read the emotions that others are feeling,” says Michael Kraus, co-author of the study and a postdoctoral student in psychology at the University of California, San Francisco.

    In other words, if you’re looking for a little empathy, you’re more likely to get it from a poor person than a rich one (just ask Bob Cratchit).

    In a series of studies, more than 300 upper- and lower-class people were asked the interpret the emotions of people in photos and of strangers during mock job interviews.

    In both cases, those with more education, money and self-defined social status weren’t nearly as adept at figuring out if a person was angry, happy, anxious or upset as their lower class colleagues.

    Kraus says that's likely because people from lower-economic backgrounds may have to rely on others for help.           

    “You turn to people, it’s an adaptive strategy,” he says. “You develop this sort of heightened independence with other individuals as a way to deal with not having enough individual resources.”

    Upper-class people, on the other hand, don’t need to ask for help that often.

    “One of the negative side effects of that is that they’re less concerned and less perceptive of other people’s needs and wishes. They show a deficit in empathic accuracy.”

    Does this mean rich people have more a tendency to be, well, insensitive jerks?

    “I wouldn’t say that upper-class people are being jerky, but they’re less aware of other people’s emotions,” says Kraus. “If a person is upset, they don’t see it. Similarly, if a person is happy and excited, they may not react to that either.”

    Kraus admits the results he and his colleagues came up with “scare us a little bit” but says the effects aren’t permanent. In fact, in another experiment they conducted, upper-class people became much better at reading emotions once they were asked to imagine themselves on the other end of the economic, educational or social spectrum.

    In other words, much like Ebenezer Scrooge, even your fat cat boss may one day see the light.

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  • 'Messiah' give you chills? That's a clue to your personality

    Matt Cardy / Getty Images

    These members of the Salisbury (England) Cathedral Choir, shown practicing for Christmas Eve services, have likely caused some chills.

    Some of us get the chills when hearing Handel’s exultant “Messiah” this time of year. For others, it’s the simple, yet joyful opening strains of Vince Guaraldi’s music at the start of “A Charlie Brown Christmas.” Or it might be Bing Crosby’s poignant “I’ll Be Home for Christmas” that triggers goose bumps. (Or for the sillier of us, his whimsical “Mele Kalikimaka” might just do it.)

    Well, it turns out that getting chills upon hearing music is an actual thing, you know, like scientists study. And a new report in the journal Social Psychology and Personality Science says that who gets music-induced chills and who doesn’t might depend on personality.

    Musical chills, write the authors, from the University of North Carolina, are “sometimes known as aesthetic chills, thrills, shivers, frisson, and even skin orgasms [who knew?] … and involve a seconds-long feeling of goose bumps, tingling, and shivers, usually on the scalp, the back of the neck, and the spine, but occasionally across most of the body.”

    The scientific explanation for chills is that the emotions evoked by beautiful or meaningful music stimulate the part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which controls primal drives such as hunger, sex and rage and also involuntary responses like blushing and goosebumps. When the song soars, your body can't help but shiver.

    Some people report lots of skin orgasms and some people say they never get them, but the personality trait “openness to experience” seems like a good predictor. (By "open to experience" the researchers seem to mean those people who enjoy art, good movies, aesthetic stuff.)

    That’s what the North Carolina researchers wanted to test. So they took 196 people and assessed their music preferences; how often they experienced chills, goose bumps, hair standing on end and the like; their engagement with music (such as whether they played an instrument); and their personality types. The only personality trait with a significant impact on music-induced chills was indeed “openness.”

    Genre, the style of music people listened to, didn’t seem to matter, though a deeper engagement with music in general did. So “Messiah,” Irving Berlin’s “White Christmas,” and your child’s rendition of “Oh Christmas Tree” might all give chills (though your kid’s singing might just be scary) if you’re the open type.

    In 2007, scientists from the University of California San Diego studied whether or not getting chills from music enhanced altruism by measuring whether or not those who got them were more willing to donate blood. It turned out that the skin orgasm getters may be open, but chills didn’t make them any more giving, which might mean those guys ringing those damn bells ought to give it a rest already. Since music doesn't make us any more generous why not play something good? Try some Vince Guaraldi instead.

    What music gives you chills? Tell us in the comments.

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  • Potty talk: Secrets we share in the loo

    Want to know what people talk about in the bathroom?

    According to a new survey released by Georgia-Pacific (makers of Quilted Northern toilet paper), 41 percent of people gossip, 30 percent talk about their jobs, 20 percent discuss sex and 16 percent talk about their love life (i.e., how much they want to have sex).

    Yes, public bathrooms are social places. So much so that 86 percent of the people surveyed said they often have personal conversations in the loo. But, apparently we're conflicted about that as 73 percent of people agreed that bathrooms should not be treated as social spaces.

    The survey, conducted by the marketing research firm StrategyOne, queried nearly 1,300 men and women between the ages of 18 and 64. Questions ranged from their style of toilet paper scrunching (31 percent create a “snowball” while 28 percent fold it into squares) to how many folks think reading in the bathroom is taboo (10 percent).

    The study also found that most people aren't comfortable just coming out and telling their buddies when they need to visit the restroom. Instead, they turned to euphemisms -- 26 percent said they told their friends they were going to “use the potty,” 21 percent said they were heading off to “heed nature’s call,” and 26 percent said they were going to “drop a deuce.”

    What, are they playing cards in there?

    The gross-out factor of public bathrooms dictates behavior in most people surveyed. More than half (53 percent) said they, too, cover the seat with toilet paper when away from home while 19 percent go so far as to sterilize the seat with a hand sanitizer or baby wipe. (Only 10 percent just plop down.)

    Hate asking the person in the stall next to you whether they can “spare a square”? Fifty-six percent of people surveyed said they were also uncomfortable asking the person next to them to pass the TP.

    But there’s something worse than having to ask for a handout. Fifty-seven percent of men and women said simply hearing someone else in the restroom was the thing that made them uncomfortable.

    Toilet paper injury lawsuit can go to jury

    For Jessica Ward, a 30-year-old notary public from Seattle, her biggest bathroom beef is people who talk on their cells phones in the stalls.

    “I always flush and sometimes curse between flushing when the person in the stall next to me is talking on their phone,” she says. “It’s my subtle, passive-aggressive way to tell them to get off the phone. I want to let the person on the other end of the line know where they are.”

    While toilet talkers shocked only 25 percent of the people surveyed by Georgia-Pacific, more than twice that number were disturbed by something else: people who eat in the bathroom.

    What's your pet peeve? Tell us in the comments. (And keep it clean, kids!)

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  • Dirty money: Tests detect chemical BPA on dollar bills

    Getty Images

    Tests of dollar bills detected traces of the hormone-disrupting chemical BPA, advocacy groups said.

    As if holiday shopping weren’t stressful enough, a new report says the dwindling stash of cash in your wallet might be tainted with the controversial chemical BPA.

    Tests on a small sample of dollar bills found traces of bisphenol A, the hormone-mimicking chemical linked to health problems from infertility and cancer to early puberty and obesity, said Erika Schreder, a scientist who led the study.

    “Most people don’t expect to find a toxic chemical in their wallets,” said Schreder, who works for the Washington Toxics Coalition in Seattle, which co-sponsored the report with the advocacy group Safer Chemicals Health Families.

    This isn’t the first time currency has been linked to nasty contaminants. Other studies have found bills to be tainted with germs, bacteria -- even cocaine.

    But it is among new findings to suggest that cash contributes to BPA exposure already found in canned foods, baby bottles and water bottles.

    The BPA likely rubbed off on the money from store receipts, which have been found to be loaded with the chemical used in thermal paper printing, Schreder said. Previous studies have shown that BPA-laced receipts are issued by major retailers such as CVS, KFC and the U.S. Postal service, and that the powder-like substance can stick to people’s fingers and get in their mouths.

    In this new study, Schreder and other scientists tested 22 receipts from retailers in 10 states and Washington, D.C., and detected BPA in half of them. In a receipt from Safeway, for instance, BPA accounted for 2.2 percent of the receipt's total weight.

    Then they tested 22 dollar bills from the wallets of people in 18 states and Washington, D.C. Twenty-one of the bills tested positive for BPA at levels ranging from .12 parts per million to 11 parts per million. Government officials generally agree that BPA doses should remain below 50 milligrams of BPA per kilogram of body weight per day, but too few studies have been conducted to determine definitively actual levels of BPA exposure or the health effects of those exposures.

    That adds to the arguments in pending bills in Congress that call for better regulation of potentially dangerous chemicals, Schreder said. Government health officials have expressed concern about the effects of BPA on unborn and very young children.

    “People should be concerned that there are unregulated uses of a hormone-disrupting chemical that are leading to widespread contamination in unexpected ways,” Schreder said.

    But at least one critic said that testing 22 dollar bills for BPA contamination hardly counts as a scientific sample. The U.S. Treasury Department printed 2.6 billion $1 bills last year alone.

    “I hear these kinds of reports and my first reaction is to shrug and say, ‘So what?’’’ said Neal Langerman, a chemist and member of the health and safety division of the American Chemical Society. "The data don't even rise to the level of speculation."

    BPA is ubiquitous, Langerman agreed, but he said there's little evidence so far to suggest that low levels of exposure lead to major health hazards.

    There’s little doubt that BPA rubs from receipts onto money, Langerman agreed. On that point, he and Schreder offered similar advice to consumers worried about dirty money: Wash your hands.

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  • Coffee and doughnuts may give a brain boost

    Leave it to Spanish researchers to discover that caffeine and glucose -- found in those longtime office favorites, coffee and doughnuts -- actually make you smarter.

    In a study published in the journal Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, researchers at the University of Barcelona discovered that the caffeine-glucose combo boosts your brain in terms of attention and memory. And here we thought that stuff was bad for us. D’oh!

    Researchers tapped 72 men and women, ages 18 to 25, for their caffeine/glucose experiments which, sadly, involved neither Starbucks nor Krispy Kreme donuts. After fasting overnight, subjects received doses of water, water plus caffeine, water plus glucose, or water plus caffeine and glucose (about the same amount you’d get in two soft drinks). Then they were tested on attention, manual dexterity, visuo-spatial and frontal functions and memory via a battery of tests such as remembering a list of 15 repeated words; taking a peg from a cup and quickly inserting it into a hole; sorting cards imprinted with shapes, numbers or colors; and repeating a series of numbers forward and backward. In other words, standard staff meeting stuff.

    As it turned out, the subjects’ reaction time improved in water spiked with either caffeine or glucose (glucose gave a bump to their manual dexterity, as well). But a combination of caffeine and glucose showed beneficial effects on attention and on learning and consolidation of verbal memory,; in other words, the coffee-sugar combination boosted the effects of both substances, making the test subjects’ brains more efficient.

    As usual, researchers say further studies are needed, particularly with regard to investigating the “effects of caffeine and glucose, alone and in combination, with repeated doses.”

    Next up: double shots!

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  • Country boys got it going on, puberty study finds

    It’s the plot of a thousand adult movies and one film classic, “Midnight Cowboy”: A naïve country boy goes to the city and makes lots and lots of female friends thanks to his farm-fed beef.

    Fantasy? Maybe not. In the December issue of the journal Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Bulgarian doctors report results of a 6,200-boy survey showing “a modest though significant difference … with respect to penile size between urban and rural populations.” Country boys were born with longer ones and the disparity continued as the boys grew.

    By the time the boys turned 19 -- considered the age of full maturity -- the country boys had a mean length of 9.72 centimeters, which sounds more impressive before the conversion to 3.826 inches (about the length of a string bean). The city boys measured 9.29 centimeters, or 3.657 inches.

    The purpose of the study was not to measure size, but to establish a baseline set of data for tracking male puberty onset.

    Those measurements are typical for the average man, said University of North Carolina adjunct professor Marcia Herman-Giddens, although she wondered how the researchers managed to examine the boys for testicle size and penile length. “I cannot imagine it would be easy,” she told me. “I am conducting a boys’ puberty study right now and it’s been a challenge getting permission.”

    And the Bulgarian exam wasn’t exactly subtle.

    “The stretched penile length in the flaccid state was measured with a rigid tape from the pubopenile skin junction to the top of the penis … under maximal [yikes!] but not painful [phew!] extension. The penile circumference was measured at the base of the penis … with a measuring tape. For obese males, the abdominal adipose tissue [body fat] was shifted manually to one side to measure penile length and circumference.”

    The docs measured testicle size using an orchidometer, a medical device that's a necklace of egg-shaped beads of ever increasing volumes. You just hold one of the beads up to Mr. Lefty or Mr. Righty and eyeball it.

    It’s possible, Herman-Giddens said, that embarrassed rural boys with smaller units opted out leading to skewed results. Or perhaps the racial makeup of country boys in Bulgaria is different from urban boys, or maybe the country boys -- and their parents -- eat better. Maybe the difference is related to chemicals in the environment. All three variables can affect size.

    However, aside from the smart-alecky joke payload, this sort of research is important. As Herman-Giddens’ groundbreaking research into girls’ puberty in the U.S. has shown, not only can abnormal development of the genitals indicate disease, but puberty ages are shifting. It’s vital to find out why.

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  • To look better in photos, tilt your head, study suggests

    John Shearer / Getty Images

    Women are viewed as more attractive when they slightly tip their chins down. It seems to be working for Angelina.

    Having trouble meeting an online date? You may want to reconsider the angle you’re using for your profile shot.

    According to a new paper published in the journal Evolutionary Psychology, men and women can make themselves more attractive to others by tilting their head a certain way.

    “Our research investigated if looking at the face from different perspectives as a result of the height differential between men and women influenced perceived masculinity or femininity,” says Dr. Darren Burke, senior psychology lecturer at the University of Newcastle in Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia. “The research found the way we angle our faces affects our attractiveness to the opposite sex.”

    What’s the best angle?

    “For women, a slight downward tilt of the head simulates the view from above and that is most feminine and most attractive,” says Burke, who conducted the research with his wife, Dr. Danielle Sulikowski. “For men, a slight backward tilt of the head is judged at most masculine, which can make the man more attractive.”

    A perfect example of the attractive downward tilt of the head in women is the late Princess Diana, says Burke.

    “She seemed to always have that demure, slightly down-tilted angle of her face,” he says.

    Interestingly, that’s an angle some women already embrace.

    “I always take pictures of myself from above,” says Krista Fedor, a 36-year-old retail buyer from Austin, Texas. “It’s definitely more flattering. When someone is sitting and you’re standing and they take a picture of you, it’s like, ‘I don’t want to see that.’”

    Fedor says she also tends to tilt her head a bit to the right in photos.

    “I don’t know what it is but as soon as a camera gets in front of me, I tilt my head,” she says. “Even in my Costco photo, my head is tilted.”

    Burke hasn’t studied the sideways head tilt but says he’s been questioned about it.

    “People have suggested that a tilted head is a flirtatious signal,” he says. “But we need to run the studies to find out.”

    Speaking of studies, Burke says he and his wife plan to next look at whether men and women are already taking advantage of the “head tilt” in their daily lives.

    “Our next step is to gather data about whether people exploit this height-driven difference to manipulate their attractiveness,” he says. “Maybe by adjusting their head tilt when interacting with someone they are attracted to. Or by choosing pictures of themselves on social networking or dating sites that have been taken from above or below.”

    Fedor thinks the researchers are definitely on to something there.

    “I’ve noticed a lot of people take their picture from above on Facebook,” she says. “I guess we’re all in on that same secret.”

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  • Honey, it's not my fault! It's the one-night stand gene

    Linda Carroll writes: You might call it the one-night stand gene.

    A minor tweak of the gene that maps out a receptor for the feel-good neurotransmitter, dopamine, may be all it takes to explain the promiscuous beats of the cheating heart. Researchers have found that people born with this genetic variation are far more likely to cheat or engage in risky sexual behaviors, such as one-night stands, according to a study published this week in PloS ONE.

    Earlier studies linked the genetic mutation in question to a tendency to engage in risky behaviors as well as the propensity to become addicted to illicit drugs and alcohol, so the researchers suspected it might also affect a person’s sexual behavior.

    At the root of all this research is dopamine. Scientists have long known that when dopamine spurts in the brain, we feel pleasure. It's what makes us feel good when we eat, have sex or even take illicit drugs. Evolutionarily speaking, this system developed so we would find our way back to tasty morsels – and sexual partners.

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    So it made sense that dopamine might also be involved in the propensity to promiscuity, says the study’s lead author, Justin Garcia, a SUNY Doctoral Diversity Fellow in the laboratory of evolutionary anthropology and health at Binghamton University, State University of New York.

    “The motivation seems to stem from a system of pleasure and reward, which is where the release of dopamine comes in,” Garcia explains. “In cases of uncommitted sex, the risks are high, the rewards substantial and the motivation variable – all elements that ensure a dopamine ‘rush.’”

    To test the theory, Garcia rounded up 181 college students and asked them to fill out questionnaires that would reveal sexual habits, along with other proclivities, such as cigarette smoking and the tendency to take risks. Garcia and his colleagues also tested the study volunteers’ DNA to determine which form of dopamine receptor the students had inherited.

    Gallery: Politicians who'd like to blame it on the cheating gene

    The study findings were striking. Students with the genetic variation were twice as likely as others report promiscuous behaviors, including one-night stands. And a full 50 percent reported that they had been unfaithful to a partner, compared to 22 percent of those without the variation.

    It would seem that science has provided the cheaters among us with the ultimate excuse. But, as is often the case, DNA isn’t destiny, experts say. Many of the volunteers had the promiscuity gene, but weren’t yielding to their cheating hearts – or genes, says William Pollack, an associate clinical professor in the department of psychiatry at the Harvard University Medical School. An important question to answer in future research is why some were able overcome their genetic proclivity to promiscuity, says Pollack.

    One other interesting question left unanswered by the researchers is whether there was a difference between men and women when it comes to resisting the pull of genetics. “The study shows that the gene mutation was equally common in men and women, but other research has found that men tend to be more promiscuous,” Pollack says.

    While scientists thrash out that weighty question, it might be nice if you could determine whether that person sitting across from you on a first date was born with the cheating gene. One likes to be able to weigh the benefits and the risks. Along with all the screening questions asked before a date, maybe there should be a DNA test.

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  • Have a gut problem? Try swallowing some worms

    Here's a disgusting version of the game "would you rather" for your Wednesday afternoon: Lose your colon? Or swallow 1,500 worms?

    In 2004, a 36-year-old California man faced that unappetizing conundrum after failed treatments for his ulcerative colitis meant he might need his colon removed, reports MyHealthNewsDaily. Instead, he hopped a plane to Thailand to see a parasitologist -- and then gulped down 1,500 parasitic worm eggs. We'll let you digest that for a minute.

    Turns out, the squirmy little worms did the trick to help soothe the man's inflammatory bowel disease symptoms, according to the case study, which was published today in the December issue of the journal Science Translational Medicine. Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation in the colon, which kills the cells that normally line the organ, and painful ulcers form in the cells' place. After this guy swallowed the worms, his body (understandably) tried to get rid of the squiggly creatures by producing a thick lining of mucus (this story just keeps getting grosser, doesn't it?) -- and that helped ease the pain caused by the colitis.

    Four years later, when few parasitic worms were still inhabiting his innards, his symptoms returned, and he downed 2,000 more worm eggs. Researcher Mara Broadhurst, a doctoral student in immunology at the University of California, San Francisco, told MyHealthNewsDaily that because his symptoms came back when many of the worms died off, that's a hint that the worms really did help, and the man's issues didn't simply go away on their own.

    But if you suffer from the same symptoms, calm down: No one's going to force thousands of worms down your throat any time soon. Actually, Broadhurst says that, ideally, scientists would take a compound from the parasitic worms (called helminths) and use that to make a treatment that's a little easier to swallow.

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  • Good-looking couples have more daughters, study suggests

    AP

    Good-looking parents tend to have girls, a British researcher says.

    Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise have Suri, Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt have Shiloh, and Jennifer Garner and Ben Affleck have Violet and Seraphina. Strictly judging from the pages of US Weekly, it would appear that good-looking couples tend to have little girls. In this case, US Weekly might be on to something.

    Beautiful parents tend to have more daughters than their homelier counterparts, according to a report by evolutionary psychologist Dr. Satoshi Kanazawa of the London School of Economics. Kanazawa tackled the same question in a 2007 book that covers all sorts of facets of human behavior, "Why Beautiful People Have More Daughters," which he co-wrote with Alan S. Miller.

    For this study, which will be published in an upcoming issue of the journal Reproductive Science, Kanazawa tracked 17,000 British babies from their 1958 births, and at age 7, their teachers were asked to rate the children on their attractiveness (yikes). When interviewed later at age 45, those who were rated most attractive were more likely to have daughters.

    That might be because, as Kanazawa wrote in his 2007 book, attractiveness benefits women more than men when it comes to long-term dating and mating. Guys tend go for beautiful women when looking for something long-term, while women seek out good-looking guys for the short-term, but not necessarily for the long haul, when qualities like resources and status count for more."So physical attractiveness, while a universally positive quality, contributes even more to women's reproductive success than to men's," Kanazawa and Miller write. In an evolutionary psychologist's point of view, pretty parents pass along what will best benefit their progeny: good looks.

    Of course, this doesn't explain the existence of Gisele Bundchen and Tom Brady's baby boy Benjamin, or, for that matter, the Beckham boys. And it's worth noting that Dr. Hugh Taylor, the editor of Reproductive Science, acknowledges that this is a subject that will surely push a few parents' buttons. "It is a controversial area and not the type of paper that our journal typically publishes," Taylor said in an e-mail. He adds that while the research methods were solid, the editors "do not endorse the finding of any paper we publish as true, but do want to encourage debate."

    What do you think? And parents of little boys, are you a little hurt by this researcher's knock on your hotness?

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